CRM-197 (Cross-Reactive Material 197) is a genetically modified, non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin (DT). It retains the structural and immunological characteristics of diphtheria toxin but has a mutation that eliminates its toxic activity.
Key characteristics:
- Type: Recombinant/non-toxic diphtheria toxin variant
- Molecular weight: Approximately 58–59 kDa
- Origin: Derived from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Function: Carrier protein in conjugate vaccines
- Immunological role: Helps stimulate a strong T-cell-dependent immune response
- Common application: Conjugation with bacterial polysaccharides to improve vaccine immunogenicity
Why is CRM-197 important?
Some bacterial polysaccharide antigens produce a relatively weak immune response, particularly in young children. When the polysaccharide is chemically linked to CRM-197, the resulting conjugate can generate a stronger and longer-lasting immune response.
CRM-197 is therefore widely associated with conjugate vaccine technology, including vaccines targeting organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b.
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